DERMA FACTORY Niacin Tranexamic 13% Serum is a high- functional whitening serum containing 10% niacinamide and 3% tranexamic acid to control melasma and blemishes for clear skin.Unlike retinol or vitamin C products, it can be used during the daytime.Niacinamide is an active form of water-soluble vitamin B3 that helps improve uneven skin tone, strengthen the skin barrier, and diminish dullness.It has been spotlighted as a next-generation soothing and revitalizing skincare ingredient as it does not cause side effects or irritation despite its strong efficacy.Tranexamic acid, known as a medicinal ingredient, is a water-soluble synthetic amino acid.This substance typically has the effect of brightening the skin tone.In particular, it effectively cares for mottled dark spots, helping to create clean skin.It also has a synergistic effect when used in combination with other whitening ingredients.Contains 1% Liposomal glutathione.Glutathione, also called vitamin G, is a nutrient that combines three amino acids : glutamic acid, cysteine, and glycine.Glutathione helps to keep the skin clear and makes the skin tone brighter.Liposomal glutathione is an ingredient stabilized by liposome conversion of easily oxidized glutathione.Contains 1% Ethyl ascorbyl ether, a whitening functional ingredient certified by the Korean Ministry of Food and Drug Safety.It is a stabilized ingredient for vitamin C, which is vulnerable to UV rays and heat.Unlike vitamin C which may cause skin irritation, it is suitable for sensitive skin and daytime use.Compared to other vitamin C stabilized ingredients, it has the most similar structure to vitamin C and has similar whitening effects.61.4% of vitamin tree extract water instead of purified water helps keep skin hydrated and vibrant.